Technıcal ınformatıon
STEELS
Low Carbon Steel
Non-alloy steels containing up to 0.25% carbon.
Carbon steel
Non-alloy steels containing more than 0.25% carbon.
High Yield Strength Steel
Mild steels with small additions of Niobium and Vanadium to strengthen weight properties.
Deep Drawing Steel
High quality steel for the production of plates, sheets and narrow bands suitable for cold working by spinning or pressing.
Stainless steel
Steels containing 10.5% or more of chromium and less than 1.2% of carbon, with or without other alloying elements.
There are three main classes:
MARTENSITE: It can be hardened and heat treated to give tensile strength in the range of 550-1000 N/mm2. Martensitic steels are magnetic.
FERRITE: It generally has lower carbon and higher chromium contents than martensitic. They do not have hardening and heat treatment properties, but they have good ductility and can be easily formed. Ferrite steels are magnetic.
OSTENITE: These grades contain chromium as well as nickel. These steels are not normally suitable for hardening and heat treatment, but they do harden. Austenite Steels are non-magnetic and provide the highest corrosion resistance.
Nickel-based 18/8- Austenite steels are included in the noble title 18/8 with a composition of 18% chromium - 8% nickel, although the actual actual composition of Austenitic steels can differ significantly from these ratios.
Alloy Steel
Steels that do not meet the definition of stainless steel and contain, by weight, one or more of the following elements in the proportions shown below:
-0.3% or more Aluminum -0.6% or more Niobium
-0.0006% or more Boron -0.6% or more Silicon
-0.3% or more of Chromium -0.5% or more of Titanium
-0.3% or more Cobalt -0.3% or more Tungsten (Wolfram)
-0.4% or more Copper -0.1% or more Vanadium
-0.4% or more Lead -0.5% or more Zirconium
-1.65% or more Manganese -0.1% or more other elements
-0.08% or more Molybdenum (except Sulfur, Phosphorus, Carbon and Nitrogen)
-0.3% or more Nickel
Free Cutting Steel
Steel to which sulfur, lead or other elements have been specially added to improve machinability.
Tool Steel
Alloy steels used in the manufacture of metal cutting equipment
High Speed Tool Steel
Tool steel that can maintain its cutting hardness even at low red temperature, thanks to its chemical composition.
Heat Resistant Steel
These steels, Nickel etc. Elements or not, they have very rich Chromium content. This provides resistance to scale formation and also ensures good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
MATERIAL DEFINITIONS
Billet
Semi-finished product for rerolling. It is usually in the form of a square with chamfered or rounded corners and usually a cross-sectional area of not more than 160 cm2.
Platinum (slab)
Semi-finished product for rerolling. Its cross-sectional area is rectangular, with a width of more than twice its thickness.
Nickel-based platinums are also produced for thicker alawile cutting parts.
Blum
It is a semi-finished product intended for re-rolling into final products. Section Area is larger than log. Width-Thickness ratio is greater than 1 and less than 2.
Heavy Profiles
I, H and U profiles, angles and tees from 80mm and above.
Lightweight Profiles
I, H, U and other profiles under 80mm.
Hot Rolled Bars
Round, square, hexagonal and octagonal bars, flats, 150mm wide or less.
sheets
Flat products with a thickness of 3 mm and above.
Sheets
Flat products less than 3mm thick.
Box Profile - Hollow Bar
They are products produced for structural purposes. They are produced from narrow rolls in square, rectangular and round shapes. There are two production processes: After forming and welding, the steel is heated by HOT FORMING and brought to final dimensions, and the production is completed by cooling the steel with COLD FORMING.
Profiles
There are two common applications in the steel terminology of World Profiles:
(i) Flame cutting forming from sheet steel, plate or platen
(ii) Pressed or cold rolled steel sheet to be shaped for use as cladding in buildings.
HEAT TREATMENTS
Annealing
Raising and holding to a suitable temperature, followed by cooling at an appropriate rate, is the process for the following purposes.
(i) giving softness
(ii) increase machinability
(iii) improving cold working properties
(iv) achieving the requested microstructure
(v) stress relief
Normalizing
The steel, which is heated up to 800-900 degrees, is kept at a certain temperature in line with the analysis data and then cooled in still air. This process reduces internal stress, refines grain size and improves mechanical properties.
Quenching
Fast cooling.
Soaking
After reaching the desired temperature from the outside, the materials are kept in the furnace until this temperature is equal throughout the mass and the desired metallurgical changes are completed.
Globalization Heat Treatment
Subjecting the steel to a predetermined temperature cycle at or near the phase change temperature in order to obtain a suitable spherical carbide structure for the following purposes.
(i) Increasing machinability
(ii) To facilitate subsequent cold working.
(iii) Obtaining a desired microstructure for subsequent heat treatment.
Stress Relief
It is usually a process of heating to a temperature below the phase change temperature and, if necessary, holding at that temperature, usually followed by slow cooling, to relieve internal stress.
tempering
It is the process of heating thermally hardened, normalized or mechanically worked steel to a temperature below the phase change temperature and, if necessary, holding at that temperature for as long as necessary, followed by appropriate cooling. This process is generally applied to produce the desired combination of mechanical properties.